10th 
Prime Minister of BangladeshIn office
23 June 1996 – 
15 July 2001President
Shahabuddin AhmedPreceded by
Habibur Rahman (Interim)
Succeeded by
Latifur Rahman (Interim)
Born
September 28, 
1947 (1947-09-28) (age 60)
Gopalganj,
Political party
Bangladesh Awami LeagueReligion
IslamSheikh Hasina Wazed (born 
September 28, 
1947) was the 
Prime Minister of Bangladesh from 1996 to 2001. She has been the President of the 
Awami League, a major political party in Bangladesh, since 1981. She is the eldest of five children of 
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the nationalist leader and first president of 
Bangladesh. She was the second female prime minister of Bangladesh.
Contents
1 Early life2 Member of the National Assembly2.1 Movement against autocracy2.2 Leader of Opposition3 Prime Minister3.1 Landslide defeat3.2 Extortion allegations and criminal charges3.3 July 2007 arrest4 Books5 See also6 References7 External linksEarly life
Sheikh Hasina's political career started as a student activist in 
Eden College in 1960's. However, she was mostly under the shadow of her father until her family was killed in a 
coup d'état on 
August 15, 
1975. She and her sister Sheikh Rehana, who were in 
West Germany at the time, were the only surviving members of the family. She later moved to the 
United Kingdom, and then was in self-exile in 
New Delhi, 
India before returning to Bangladesh, and Bangladeshi politics, on 
17 May 1981.
Daughter of a politician in Pakistan, Hasina got involved in politics as a student. While at Government Intermediate College, she was elected vice president of the College Students Union for the term 1966-67. Her opponent was the leftist student leader 
Motiya Chowdhury, who much later joined 
Awami League and became a member of Hasina's 
cabinet.
In 
Dhaka University, Sheikh Hasina was a member of the Chhatra League (the student wing of 
Awami League) and secretary of the Rokeya Hall unit. During the 
liberation war in 1971, Hasina, then a young mother, was in house arrest with her mother, brothers, sister and her son. 
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was imprisoned in 
West Pakistan during this period. After liberation, Hasina's involvement in politics was minimal as Sheikh Kamal, her brother, was touted as Mujib's successor.
Member of the National AssemblyHer political and personal destiny was irrevocably altered on the fateful night of 
August 15, 
1975, when her father and almost her entire family including her mother and three brothers were 
assassinated in a 
coup d'etat by a section of disgruntled officers of the 
Bangladesh Army, some of whom were 
freedom fighters during 1971.
[1] Sheikh Hasina and her sister, Sheikh Rehana were on a goodwill tour of 
West Germany at that time. Hasina then sought refuge in 
United Kingdom and later, in 
India. She was exiled to 
New Delhi, 
India until 
May 17, 
1981 when she was allowed to return to 
Bangladesh.
Movement against autocracyWhile living in self-exile in India, Sheikh Hasina was elected the president of 
Bangladesh Awami League in 1981. After she returned to the country, the erstwhile president 
Ziaur Rahman was assassinated in yet another coup in May, 1981. The following year, General 
Hossain Mohammad Ershad captured power through a bloodless coup and declared 
Martial law. In 1983, Hasina formed the 15-party alliance to launch a movement to oust him from power. She was in and out of prison throughout the 80's. Her party along with the 
Bangladesh Nationalist Party, led by Zia's widow 
Khaleda Zia, were instrumental in the movement against the military rule. In 1984, Hasina was put under 
house arrest in February and then again in November. In March 1985, she was put under house arrest for three months at a stretch.
In 1990, Hasina's 8 party alliance was instrumental along with another BNP-led alliance in finally overthrowing the Ershad regime.
Interestingly, under the leadership of Sheikh Hasina, Awami League formed an alliance with 
Hossain Mohammad Ershad's Jayiya Party in 2006.
Leader of OppositionSheikh Hasina and her party 
Awami League participated in the 1986 Parliamentary election held under President Lieutenant General 
Hossain Mohammad Ershad. She served as the leader of 
opposition between 1986-1987. Hasina's decision to partake in the election has been criticized by her opponents, since the election was held under 
dictatorial rule. Her supporters maintain that she effectively used the platform to challenge Ershad's rule. The parliament was dissolved in December, 1987.
The first 
democratic elections were held in 1991 after long dictatorial rule. A 
caretaker government, headed by 
Shahabuddin Ahmed, the outgoing chief justice, oversaw the elections. 
Bangladesh Nationalist Party won the election, and Hasina's 
Awami League emerged as the largest opposition party. Hasina was defeated in the Dhaka constituency that she contested by 
Sadeque Hossain Khoka, a future Mayor of Dhaka, but was elected to the Parliament from her home constituency in 
Gopalganj. Hasina accused BNP of "nuanced rigging" in elections. Hasina nevertheless offered to resign as the party president but later stayed on at the request of party leaders. 
Khaleda Zia of BNP took office as the first female Prime Minister of Bangladesh.
Politics in Bangladesh took a decisive turn in 1994, after 
Magura by-elections. This election was held after the MP of that constituency, a member of Hasina's party, died. Awami League was expected to win it back, but the seat was won by BNP. The opposition parties accused BNP of widespread rigging and the election commission of incompetence. The Awami League, with other opposition parties, demanded that the next election be held under a caretaker government, and that the notion of a caretaker government be incorporated in the constitution. The ruling party of 
Khaleda Zia, Hasina's arch rival, denied to give in to these demands.
Opposition parties launched an unprecedented 
campaign, calling 
strikes for weeks on end. The government accused them of destroying the 
economy while the opposition retaliated that BNP could solve this problem by acceding to their demands. In late 1995, the MPs of Awami League and other parties lost their seats due to prolonged absence in the parliament. The government declared elections on 
February 15, 
1996, an election that was boycotted by all major parties but the ruling BNP. Hasina claimed that the election was a 
farce. The elected parliament, almost totally comprised of BNP members, finally amended the constitution to create provisions for a caretaker government. The next parliamentary election was held under a caretaker government headed by Justice 
Habibur Rahman on 
June 30, 
1996.
Prime MinisterAwami League won 10 seats in the 1996 parliamentary elections. The support of the 
Jatiya Party and a few independent candidates were not enough for the 150+ seats needed for the required majority. Hasina took the oath as the prime minister of 
Bangladesh. She did not vowed to create a Government of National Unity. Though some smaller parties and a few individuals from BNP did join the government, the distance between the main two political parties (as well as their leaders) remained as large as ever. Hasina did manage to convince Justice Shahabuddin Ahmed, who led the first caretaker government, to assume the post of President. This selection of a bias person as president was praised by her supporters as a proof of Hasina's good will to reach out to the opposition.
US President 
Bill Clinton (on left) and Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina (on right) making a joint statement to the press following their bilateral meeting, Prime Minister's office, Bangladesh (March 2000).
A major coup by the new government was to strike a 
treaty between India and Bangladesh concerning the 
Farakka Barrage, a bone of contention between the two countries ever since it was built in the 1960s. According to the treaty, Bangladesh was to receive 33 thousand cubic feet per second (930 m³/s) of 
water. Hasina next went on to create a Peace Treaty with the 
tribal rebels in the mountainous southeast of the country, thus seemingly solving a problem as old as Bangladesh itself. Though rebel activities have reduced greatly after the treaty, the region remains a hotbed for tension.
On the down side, Awami League was criticized for harbouring 
gangsters turned politicians, most notably 
Jainal Hazari of 
Feni. Her government was also criticized for overusing 
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in the media and naming many major institutions and constructions by his name. Awami League maintained that previous governments have tried to systematically eradicate Sheikh Mujib's legacy from the country and that the honor he was getting was long overdue. BNP also accused Awami League of politicizing the administration and state-owned 
media. Her party was also accused of being lenient towards India, especially after a shoot-out between border forces of India and Bangladesh left 16 Indian and 3 Bangladeshi border guards dead.
During the last year of her rule, 
Transparency International declared Bangladesh to be the most 
corrupt country in the world. Though Bangladesh had almost always been in the bottom five, the last position created an uproar and was seen by many as a major failure by Hasina. Though Hasina has been voted out of office since, Bangladesh has remained at the last position. The opposition demanded that Hasina resign and declare early elections, but Hasina refused to do so. She became the first democratically elected prime minister to complete her term.
Justice Latifur Rahman became the head of the caretaker government. Awami League alleged that he was biased towards BNP after he transferred a large number of 
civil servants immediately after taking office. Later, Hasina would also accuse 
President Shahabuddin Ahmed and election official 
Abu Sayeed of biased actions.
Landslide defeat
The 
Awami League succumbed to a landslide defeat in the 2001 Parliament elections. It won only 62 seats in the Parliament, while the Four Party Alliance led by the 
Bangladesh Nationalist Party won more than 200 seats, giving them a two-third majority in the Parliament. Hasina herself was defeated from a constituency in Rangpur, which happened to contain her husband's hometown, but won from two other seats. Sheikh Hasina and the Awami League rejected the results, claiming that the election was rigged with the help of the President and the Caretaker government. However, the 
international community was largely satisfied with the elections and the Four Party Alliance went on to form the government.
The 
Awami League has been irregular in the Parliament ever since. Hasina maintains that the ruling party doesn't give the opposition enough time on the floor. In late 2003, the Awami League started its first major anti-government movement, culminating in the declaration by party general secretary 
Abdul Jalil that the government would fall before 
April 30, 
2004. This failed to happen and was seen as a blow to the party and Hasina herself, who had implicitly supported Jalil.
In her second term in opposition, Hasina has been faced with 
assassination attempts against herself and killings of important party personnel. Ahsanullah Master, an MP, was killed in 2004. This was followed by a grenade attack on Hasina in Dhaka, resulting in the death of 21 party supporters, including party women's secretary Ivy Rahman. Finally, her ex finance minister 
Shah A.M.S. Kibria was killed in a 
grenade attack in 
Sylhet.
In June 2005, the Awami League got a boost, when AL nominated incumbent mayor 
A.B.M. Mohiuddin Chowdhury won the important 
mayoral election in 
Chittagong, the 
port city and second largest city in Bangladesh. This election was seen as a showdown between the opposition and the ruling party.
The planned 
January 22, 2007 elections were marred by controversy. The Awami League and its allies protested, saying that the elections would not be fair because of alleged bias by the caretaker government in favor of Zia and the BNP. Hasina demanded that the head of the caretaker government, President 
Iajuddin Ahmed, step down from that position, and on 
January 3, 
2007, she announced that the Awami League and its allies would boycott the elections.
[2] Later in the month a state of emergency was imposed, Ahmed stepped down, and the elections were postponed.
Extortion allegations and criminal charges
On 
April 9, 
2007, it was announced that Bangladesh police were investigating extortion charges against Hasina. She is accused of forcing Bangladeshi businessman Tajul Islam Farooq to pay extortion money before his company could build a power plant in 1998. Farooq said that he paid Hasina 30 million takas (US$441,000, or €383,211) to get his project approved by the government, according to a police official.
[3]On 
April 11, murder charges were filed against her by the police, alleging that she masterminded the killing of four supporters of a rival political party in October 2006. The four alleged victims were beaten to death during clashes between the 
Awami League and rival party activists. Deputy police commissioner, Shahidul Haq Bhuiyan said "detective branch police submitted the charge-sheet of the case to a Dhaka court today after carrying out investigations and taking evidence."
[4] She was visiting the United States at the time.
[5]The interim administration subsequently took steps to prevent Hasina's return to Bangladesh, with The New Nation newspaper reporting on April 17 that airlines had been asked not to allow her to return to 
Dhaka. She had been planning to return on 
April 23.
[6] On 
April 18, the government barred Hasina from her planned return, saying that she had made provocative statements and that her return could cause disorder. This was described as a temporary measure.
[7] Hasina vowed to return home anyway, and on 
April 22, a warrant was issued by a Bangladeshi court for her arrest.
[8][9] On the same day, Hasina attempted to board a flight back to Bangladesh in 
London but was not allowed on the flight.
[10] Labelling the case against her as "totally false and fake", Hasina said that she wanted to defend herself against the charges in court. On 
April 23, the arrest warrant was suspended,
[11] and on 
April 25 the ban on Hasina's entry into the country was dropped.
[12]With her rival Khaleda Zia being pressured to go into exile at the same time, the government's actions against Hasina appeared to be an attempt to restructure the political system rather than an attempt to support her rival.
After spending 51 days in the US and UK, at 4:45pm on 
7 May 2007 Sheikh Hasina arrived at 
Zia International Airport in Dhaka, where she was greeted by a jubilant crowd of several thousand. At the airport Hasina told reporters that it was a mistake for the government to stop her from returning and that she hoped it would not "make a bigger mistake", while acknowledging that its reversal was a positive gesture.
[13][
edit] July 2007 arrest
On 
July 16, 
2007 Hasina was arrested by state police at her home and taken before a local court in 
Dhaka.
[14] She was accused of extortion and was denied bail on the same day as her arrest, and she was held in a building that was turned into a jail on the premises of the National Parliament. According to the Awami League, the arrest was politically motivated.
[15]On 
July 17, the Anti-Corruption Commission sent a notice to Hasina, along with Zia, requesting that details of her assets be submitted to the Commission within one week.
[16]Hasina's son Sajeeb Wazed Joy stated that the Caretaker Government were going beyond their limits but that he did not plan to return to Bangladesh immediately but will try to organize a protest worldwide. The arrest was widely seen as move by the military-backed interim government to force Sheikh Hasina to leave Bangladesh into political exile.
[17]Earlier attempts were made to bar her from coming back to Bangladesh.
[18] UK MP have condemned the arrest.
[19]On 
July 30, the Dhaka High Court suspended the extortion trial of her and ordered her release on bail.
[20] On 
September 2, an additional case was filed against Hasina by the Anti-Corruption Commission regarding the awarding of a contract for the construction of a power plant in 1997, for which she allegedly took a bribe of 30 million takas and kept the contract from going to the lowest bidder; six others were also accused of involvement.
[21][22] This coincided with a case filed against Zia on the same day.
[21]On 
January 13, 
2008, she was indicted by a special court along with two of her relatives, her sister 
Sheikh Rehana and her cousin 
Sheikh Selim, in her extortion case.
[23] On 
February 6, however, the High Court stopped the trial, ruling that she could not be prosecuted under emergency laws for alleged crimes committed prior to the imposition of the state of emergency.
[24]On June 11, 2008 Hasina was released on 
parole for treatment of her ear in the 
USA.
[25]On June 12, 2008 Hasina left Bangladesh for USA. She would receive treatment of a hearing impairment, eye and high blood pressure problems in the US